Sexual and blood-borne diseases

Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV are all transmitted through sexual contact and you can protect yourself from infection by using a condom during intercourse (safe sex).

HIV and hepatitis B and C can also be transmitted through blood, such as blood transfusions, needle sticks, surgery and dental treatment.

hepatitis B can also be transmitted between children during play (scratches and abrasions).
In general, piercings and tattoos should be avoided when traveling. You may want to bring your own needles to ensure that clean needles are available in case you need medical treatment.

For longer trips (over 1 month) to countries with a high incidence of hepatitis B, it is generally advisable to get vaccinated. In case of particular risk behavior, it may be relevant to get vaccinated also for shorter trips.